Cross Country (Nordic) Skiing / Olympic Games

Esquí Alpino / Juegos Olímpicos

WOMEN / MUJERES

Women did not compete in Olympic Nordic Events until Oslo 1952. As a consequence of the introduction of the skating technique by Bill Koch early in 1982, there have been two significant changes in men's and women's cross country racing since the end of the 1984 Winter Games in Sarajevo. First, the classical and freestyle techniques were designated for specific events beginning in 1988, and the Pursuit race was introduced in 1992. Since 1988 cross country events have been limited to one of two styles of skiing - Classical in which the skis remain diagonal and Freestyle in which there are no restrictions thus enabling use of a skating technique. Races are held on a "time trial" basis except for relays (which have a mass start), cross country freestyle sprint races (which are head-to-head) or where otherwise indicated.

Las mujeres no comenzaron a competir en los Juegos hasta Oslo 1952. Tras la disputa de los Juegos de Sarajevo en 1984 y como consecuencia de la introducción de la técnica de patinaje por parte de Bill Koch en 1982, ha habido importantes cambios en el esquí de fondo; primero se designaron técnicas específicas para cada prueba a partir de 1988  y en 1992 se introdujo la carrera de Persecución. Desde 1988 las pruebas han sido limitadas a uno de los dos estilos: clásico, en el que los esquís van siempre paralelos el uno al otro; y estilo libre, en el que no hay restricciones y se puede usar por tanto la técnica del patinaje. Las carreras son generalmente contra reloj, salvo en los relevos, el 1Ž5 km esprint estilo libre (introducido en el 2002) y en los 30 km estilo libre en el 2002.

VI Oslo 1952

Event Gold / Oro CNT Time Silver / Plata CNT Time Bronze / Bronce CNT Time
10 km CL Lydia Wideman FIN 41:40 Mirja Hietamis FIN 42:39 Siiri Rantanen FIN 42:50

VII Cortina dŽAmpezzo 1956

Event Gold / Oro CNT Time Silver / Plata CNT Time Bronze / Bronce CNT Time
10 km CL Lyubov Kozyreva URS 38:11 Radya Yeroshina URS 38:16 Sonja Edström SWE 38:23
3X5 km Relay

Sirkka Polkunen, Mirja Hietamis, Siiri Rantanen

 FIN 1h09:01

Lyubov Kozyreva, Alevtina Kolchina, Radya Yeroshina

 URS 1h09:28

Irma Johansson, Anna-Lisa Eriksson, Sonja Edström

 SWE 1h09:48

VIII Squaw Valley 1960

Event Gold / Oro CNT Time Silver / Plata CNT Time Bronze / Bronce CNT Time
10 km CL Mariya Gusakova URS 39:46.6 Lyubov Baranova URS 40:04.2 Radya Yeroshina URS 40:06.0
3X5 km Relay Irma Johansson, Britt Strandberg, Sonja Ruthström SWE 1h04:21.4 Radya Yeroshina, Lyubov Baranova, Mariya Gusakova URS 1h05:02.6 Siiri Rantanen, Eeva Ruoppa, Toini Pöysti FIN 1h06:27.5

IX Innsbruck 1964

Event Gold / Oro CNT Time Silver / Plata CNT Time Bronze / Bronce CNT Time
5 km CL Klavdiya Boyarskikh URS 17:50.5 Mirja Lehtonen FIN 17:52.9 Alevtina Kolchina URS 18:08.4
10 km CL Klavdiya Boyarskikh URS 40:24.3 Yevdokiya Mekshilo URS 40:26.6 Mariya Gusakova URS 40:46.6
3x5 km Relay Alevtina Kolchina, Yevdokiya Mekshilo, Klavdiya Boyarskikh URS 59:20.2 Barbro Martinsson, Britt Strandberg, Toini Gustafsson SWE 1h01:27.0 Senja Pusula, Toini Pöysti, Mirja Lehtonen FIN 1h02:45.1

X Grenoble 1968

Event Gold / Oro CNT Time Silver / Plata CNT Time Bronze / Bronce CNT Time
5 km CL Toini Gustafsson SWE 16:45.2 Galina Kulakova URS 16:48.4 Alevtina Kolchina URS 16:51.6
10 km CL Toini Gustafsson SWE 36:46.5 Berit Mørdre Lammedal NOR 37:54.6 Inger Aufles NOR 37:59.9
3X5 km Relay Inger Aufles, Babben Enger Damon, Berit Mørdre Lammedal NOR 57:30.0 Britt Strandberg, Toini Gustafsson, Barbro Martinsson SWE 57:51.0 Alevtina Kolchina, Rita Achkina, Galina Kulakova URS 58:13.6

XI Sapporo 1972

Event Gold / Oro CNT Time Silver / Plata CNT Time Bronze / Bronce CNT Time
5 km CL Galina Kulakova URS 17:00.50 Marjatta Kajosmää FIN 17:05.50 Helena Sikolova TCH 17:07.32
10 km CL Galina Kulakova URS 34:17.82 Alevtina Olyunina URS 34:54.11 Marjatta Kajosmää FIN 34:56.45
3X5 km Relay Lyubov Mukhacheva, Alevtina Olyunina, Galina Kulakova URS 48:46.15 Helena Takalo, Hilkka Riihivouri, Marjatta Kajosmää FIN 49:19.37 Inger Aufles, Åslaug Dahl, Berit Mørdre NOR 49:51.49

XII Innsbruck 1976

Event Gold / Oro CNT Time Silver / Plata CNT Time Bronze / Bronce CNT Time
5 km CL Helena Takalo FIN 15:48.69 Raisa Smetanina URS 15:49.73 Nina Baldycheva URS 16:12.82
10 km CL Raisa Smetanina URS 30:13.41 Helena Takalo FIN 30:14.28 Galina Kulakova URS 30:38.61
4x5 km Relay Nina Baldycheva, Zinaida Amosova, Raisa Smetanina, Galina Kulakova URS 1h07:49.75 Liisa Suikhonen, Marjatta Kajosmää, Hilkka Riihivouri, Helena Takalo FIN 1h08:36.57 Monika Debertshäuser, Sigrun Krause, Barbara Petzold, Veronika Hesse GDR 1h09:57.95

XIII Lake Placid 1980

Event Gold / Oro CNT Time Silver / Plata CNT Time Bronze / Bronce CNT Time
5 km CL Raisa Smetanina URS 15:06.92 Hilkka Riihivouri FIN 15:11.96 Kvetoslava Jeriová TCH 15:23.44
10 km CL Barbara Petzold GDR 30:31.54 Hilkka Riihivouri FIN 30:35.05 Helena Takalo FIN 30:45.25
4x5 km Relay Marlies Rostock, Carola Anding, Veronika Hesse, Barbara Petzold GDR 1h02:11.10 Nina Baldycheva, Nina Rocheva, Galina Kulakova, Raisa Smetanina URS 1h03:18.30 Brit Pettersen, Anette Bøe, Marit Myrmæl, Berit Aunli NOR 1h04:13.50

XIV Sarajevo 1984

Event Gold / Oro CNT Time Silver / Plata CNT Time Bronze / Bronce CNT Time
5 km CL Marja-Liisa Hämälainen FIN 17:04.0 Berit Aunli NOR 17:14.1 Kvetoslava Jeriová TCH 17:18.3
10 km CL Marja-Liisa Hämälainen FIN 31:44.2 Raisa Smetanina URS 32:02.9 Brit Pettersen NOR 32:12.7
20 km FS Marja-Liisa Hämälainen FIN 1h01:45.0 Raisa Smetanina URS 1h02:26.7 Anne Jahren NOR 1h03:13.6
4x5 km Relay Inger Helene Nybråten, Anne Jahren, Brit Pettersen, Berit Aunli NOR 1h06:49.7 Dagmar Svubová, Blanka Paúlú, Gabriela Svobodová, Kvetoslava Jeriová TCH 1h07:34.7 Pirkko Määttä, Elja Hyytiäinen, Marjo Matikainen, Marja-Liisa Hämälainen FIN 1h07:36.7

XV Calgary 1988

Event Gold / Oro CNT Time Silver / Plata CNT Time Bronze / Bronce CNT Time
5 km CL Marjo Matikainen FIN 15:04.0 Tamara Tikhonova URS 15:05.3 Vida Venciene URS 15:11.1
10 km CL Vida Venciene URS 30:08.3 Raisa Smetanina URS 30:17.0 Marjo Matikainen FIN 30:20.5
20 km FS Tamara Tikhonova URS 55:53.6 Anfisa Reztsova URS 56:12.8 Raisa Smetanina URS 57:22.1
4x5 km Relay Swetlana Nagejkina, Nina Gavriljuk, Tamara Tikhonova, Anfisa Reztsova URS 59:51.1 Trude Dybendahl, Marit Wold, Anne Jahren, Marianne Dahlmo NOR 1h01:33.0 Pirkko Määttä, Marja-Liisa Kirvesniemi, Marjo Matikainen, Jaana Savolainen FIN 1h01:53.8

XVI Albertville 1992

Event Gold / Oro CNT Time Silver / Plata CNT Time Bronze / Bronce CNT Time
5 km CL Marjut Lukkarinen FIN 14:13.8 Lyubov Yegorova URS 14:14.7 Yelena Välbe URS 14:22.7
5+10 km CP Lyubov Yegorova URS 40:07.7 Stefania Belmondo ITA 40:31.8 Yelena Välbe URS 40:51.7
15 km CL Lyubov Yegorova URS 42:20.8 Marjut Lukkarinen FIN 43:29.9 Yelena Välbe URS 43:42.3
30 km FS Stefania Belmondo ITA 1h22:30.1 Lyubov Yegorova URS 1h22:52.0 Yelena Välbe URS 1h24:13.9
4x5 km Relay Yelena Välbe, Raisa Smetanina, Larissa Lazutina, Lyubov Yegorova URS 59:34.8 Solveig Pedersen, Inger Helene Nybråten, Trude Dybendahl, Elin Nilsen NOR 59:56.4 Bice Vanzetta, Manuela Di Centa, Gabriella Paruzzi, Stefania Belmondo ITA 1h00:25.9

XVII Lillehammer 1994

Event Gold / Oro CNT Time Silver / Plata CNT Time Bronze / Bronce CNT Time
5 km CL Lyubov Yegorova RUS 14:08.8 Manuela Di Centa ITA 14:28.3 Marja-Liisa Kirvesniemi FIN 14:36.0
5+10 km CP Lyubov Yegorova RUS 41:38.1 Manuela Di Centa ITA 41:46.1 Stefania Belmondo ITA 42:21.1
15 km FS Manuela Di Centa ITA 39:44.5 Lyubov Yegorova RUS 41:03.0 Nina Gavrilyuk RUS 41:10.4
30 km FS Manuela di Centa ITA 1h25:41.6 Marit Wold NOR 1h25:57.8 Marja-Liisa Kirvesniemi FIN 1h26:13.0
4x5 km Relay Yelena Välbe, Larissa Lazutina, Nina Gavrilyuk, Lyubov Yegorova RUS 57:12.5 Trude Dybendahl, Inger Helene Nybråten, Elin Nilsen, Anita Moen NOR 57:42.6 Bice Vanzetta, Manuela Di Centa, Gabriella Paruzzi, Stefania Belmondo ITA 58:42.6

XVIII Nagano 1998

Event Gold / Oro CNT Time Silver / Plata CNT Time Bronze / Bronce CNT Time
5 km CL Larissa Lazutina RUS 17:39.9 Katerina Neumannova CZE 17:42.7 Bente Martinsen NOR 17:49.4
5+10 km CP Larissa Lazutina RUS 46:06.9 Olga Danilova RUS 46:13.4 Katerina Neumannova CZE 46:14.2
15 km CL Olga Danilova RUS 46:55.4 Larissa Lazutina RUS 47:01.0 Anita Moen-Guidon NOR 47:52.6
30 km CL Julija Tchepalova RUS 1h22:01.5 Stefania Belmondo ITA 1h22:11.7 Larissa Lazutina RUS 1h23:15.7
4x5 km Relay Nina Gavrilyuk, Olga Danilova, Yelena Välbe, Larissa Lazutina RUS 55:13.5 Bente Martinsen, Marit Mikkelsplass, Elin Nilsen, Anita Moen-Guidon NOR 55:38.0 Karin Moroder, Gabriella Paruzzi, Manuela Di Centa, Stefania Belmondo ITA 56:53.3

XIX Salt Lake City 2002

Event Gold / Oro CNT Time Silver / Plata CNT Time Bronze / Bronce CNT Time
1.5 km sprint Julija Tchepalova RUS 3:10.6 Evi Sachenbacher GER 3:12.2 Anita Moen NOR 3:12.7
10 km CL Bente Skari NOR 28:05.6 *Julija Tchepalova RUS 28:09.9 Stefania Belmondo ITA 28:45.8
5+5 km CP *Beckie Scott CAN 25:09.9 *Katerina Neumannova CZE 25:10.0 Viola Bauer GER 25:11.1
15 km FS (Ms) Stefania Belmondo ITA 39:54.4 *Katerina Neumannova CZE 40:01.3 Julija Tchepalova RUS 40:02.7
30 km CL *Gabriella Paruzzi ITA 1h30:57.1 Stefania Belmondo ITA 1h31:01.6 Bente Skari NOR 1h31:36.3
4x5 km Relay Manuela Henkel, Viola Bauer, Claudia Künzel, Evi Sachenbacher Stehle GER 49:30.6 Marit Bjørgen, Bente Skari, Hilde G. Pedersen, Anita Moen NOR 49:31.9 Andrea Huber, Laurence Rochat, Brigitte Albrecht Loretan, Natascia Leonardi Cortesi SUI 50:03.6
10 km: 2. Olga Danilova (RUS) 28:08.1 failed drug test and was disqualified by the IOC in February 2004.
Combined Pursuit: 1. Olga Danilova (RUS) 24:52.1 & 2. Larisa Lazutina (RUS) 24:59.0 failed drug test and were later disqualified by the IOC.
15 km: 2. Larisa Lazutina (RUS) 39:56.2 failed drug test and was later disqualified by the IOC in 2003.
30 km: 1. Larisa Lazutina 1h29:09.0 was disqualified after blood tests indicated the use of darbepoetin.
10 km: 2. Olga Danilova (RUS) 28:08.1 dio positivo y fue descalificada por el COI en febrero de 2004.
Persecución Combinada: 1. Olga Danilova (RUS) 24:52.1 & 2. Larisa Lazutina (RUS) 24:59.0 dieron positivo en el control antidóping  y fueron descalificadas finalmente por el COI en (2004 y 2003 respectivamente).
15 km: 2. Larisa Lazutina (RUS) 39:56.2 dio positivo y fue descalificada por el COI en 2003.
30 km: 1. Larisa Lazutina 1h29:09.0 fue descalificada tras dar positivo por darbepoetina en el control antidóping.

XX Torino 2006

Event Gold / Oro CNT Time Silver / Plata CNT Time Bronze / Bronce CNT Time
1.5 km Sprint Chandra Crawford CAN 2:12.3 Claudia Kuenzel GER 2:13.0 Alena Sidko RUS 2:13.2
Team Sprint Anna Dahlberg, Lina Andersson SWE 16:36.9 Sara Renner, Beckie Scott CAN 16:37.5 Aino-Kaisa Saarinen, Virpi Kuitunen FIN 16:39.2
10 km CL Kristina Smigun EST 27:51.4 Marit Bjørgen NOR 28:12.7 Hilde G. Pedersen NOR 28:14.0
7.5+7.5 km CP Kristina Smigun EST 42:48.7 Katerina Neumannova CZE 42:50.6 Evgenia Medvedeva RUS 43:03.2
30 km FS (Ms) Katerina Neumannova CZE 1h22:25.4 Julija Tchepalova RUS 1h22:26.8 Justyna Kowalczyk POL 1h22:27.5
4x5 km Relay Natalia Baranova Masolkina, Larisa Kurkina, Julija Tchepalova, Evgenia Medvedeva Abruzova RUS 54:47.7 Stefanie Böhler, Viola Bauer, Evi Sachenbacher Stehle, Claudia Kuenzel GER 54:57.7 Arianna Follis, Gabriella Paruzzi, Antonella Confortola, Sabina Valbusa ITA 54:58.7

XXI Vancouver 2010

Event Gold / Oro CNT Time Silver / Plata CNT Time Bronze / Bronce CNT Time
Sprint Marit Bjørgen NOR 3:39.2 Justyna Kowalczyk POL 3:40.3 Petra Majdic SLO 3:41.0
Team Sprint Evi Sachenbacher-Stehle, Claudia Nystad GER 18:03.7 Charlotte Kalla, Anna Haag SWE 18:04.2 Irina Khazova, Natalya Korostelyova RUS 18:07.7
10 km FS Charlotte Kalla SWE 24:58.4 Kristina Smigun-Vaehi EST 25:05.0 Marit Bjørgen NOR 25:14.3
7.5+7.5 km CP Marit Bjørgen NOR 39:58.1 Anna Haag SWE 40:07.0 Justyna Kowalczyk POL 40:07.4
30 km CL (Ms) Justyna Kowalczyk POL 1h30:33.7 Marit Bjørgen NOR 1h30:34.0 Aino-Kaisa Saarinen FIN 1h31:38.7
4x5 km Relay Vibeke Skofterud, Therese Johaug, Kristin Stoermer Steira, Marit Bjørgen NOR 55:19.5 Katrin Zeller, Evi Sachenbacher-Stehle, Miriam Gössner, Claudia Nystad GER 55:44.1 Pirjo Muranen, Virpi Kuitunen, Riitta-Liisa Roponen, Aino-Kaisa Saarinen FIN 55:49.9
Legend / Leyenda
Relay / Relevo: Freestyle in 1988. Since 1992 two skiers use classical technique and two freestyle. / Estilo libre en 1988; desde 1992 dos relevistas esquían en estilo clásico y los otros dos en estilo libre.
FS: Freestyle / Estilo Libre
CL: Classical Style / Estilo Clásico
CP: Combined Pursuit (classical + freestyle) / Persecución Combinada (estilo clásico + estilo libre)
(Ms): Mass Start / Salida en Masa

Statistics / Estadísticas

Medal Table (1952-2010)
Medallero (1952-2010)
Ps. Country CNT GD SV BZ Tot
1. Soviet Union

URS

17

16

13

46
2. Russia

RUS

10

5

6

21
3. Finland

FIN

8

9

13

30
4. Norway

NOR

6

10

11

27
5. Italy

ITA

5

5

6

16
6. Sweden

SWE

5

4

2

11
7. Germany

GER

2

4

1

7
8. Canada

CAN

2

1

0

3
9. Estonia

EST

2

1

0

3
10. East Germany

GDR

2

0

1

3
11. Czech Republic

CZE

1

4

1

6
12. Poland

POL

1

1

2

4
13. Czechoslovakia

TCH

0

1

3

4
14. Switzerland

SUI

0

0

1

1
. Slovenia

SLO

0

0

1

1
 
15 Total  

61

61

61

183
Medal table (athletes) / Medallero (atletas)
Abbreviations / Abreviaturas: 5, 10, 15, 30: 5, 10, 15, 30 km; SP: Sprint; CP: Combined Pursuit; RL: Relay
Pos Nombre G S B  
1. Lyubov Yegorova, URS/RUS 6 3 - 92: CP-15-RL; 94: 5-CP-RL / 92: 5-30; 94: 15 / None
2. Larissa Lazutina, RUS 5 1 1 92: RL; 94: RL; 98: 5-CP-RL / 98: 15 / 98: 30
3. Raisa Smetanina, URS 4 5 1 76: 10-RL; 80: 5; 92: RL / 76: 5; 94: RL; 84: 10-20; 88: 10 / 88: 20
4. Galina Kulakova, URS 4 2 2 72: 5-10-RL; 76: RL / 68: 5; 80: RL / 68: RL; 76: 10
5. Marit Bjørgen, NOR 3 3 1 10: SP-CP-RL / 02: RL; 06: 10; 10: 30 / 10: 10
6. Julija Tchepalova, RUS 3 2 1 98: 30; 02: SP; 06: RL / 02: 10; 06: 30 / 02: 15
7. Marja-Liisa Hämäläinen, FIN 3 - 4 84: 5-10-30 / None / 84: RL; 88: RL; 94: 5-30
. Yelena Välbe, URS/RUS 3 - 4 92: RL; 94: RL; 98: RL / None / 92: 5-CP-15-30*
9. Nina Gavrilyuk, URS/RUS 3 - 1 88: RL; 94: RL; 98: RL / None / 94: 15*
10. Klavdiya Boyarskikh, URS 3 - - 64: 5-10-RL / None / None

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