MEN / HOMBRES
Biathlon is a combination of cross-country skiing and rifle shooting. Competitors may use either the classical or skating method of skiing. They are restricted to .22-caliber small-bore rifles. Automatic or semi-automatic rifles are not allowed. The rifle with all accessories except the magazine and ammunition must weigh at least 3.5 kilograms (7.7 pounds). All targets are set at a distance of 50 meters. The prone target is 4.5 centimeters (1 3/4 inches) in diameter; the standing target is 11.5 centimeters (4 1/2 inches) in diameter. In individual races, competitors start at 30-second intervals and race against the clock. Biathlon races may not be held if the air temperature is colder than -20º Celsius (-4º Fahrenheit).
El biathlon es una combinación de esquí de fondo y tiro. Los competidores pueden utilizar la técnica clásica o el estilo libre. Las escopetas son de pequeño calibre y no pueden ser automáticas o semiautomáticas. El peso del rifle sin el cargador y la munición debe ser de, al menos, 3,5 kg. Todos los blancos están a una distancia de 50 m. Si se dispara en posición de tendido, el blanco es de 4,5 cm de diámetro, mientras que si se lanza de pie mide 11,5 cm. En las pruebas individuales los participantes salen uno a uno en intervalos de 30 sg. Si la temperatura es inferior a -20º, la competición no se debe disputar.
- 0, 1, 2... means missed targets / -0, 1, 2... se refiere a tiros fallados
10 km
Each contestant stops twice during the course, once after 3.75 kilometers to shoot five shots prone and once after 7.5 kilometers to shoot five shots standing. Each missed target is penalized by forcing the skier to ski a 150-meter penalty loop.
Cada participante para dos veces durante la carrera, una después de 3,75 km para realizar cinco disparos tendido; y otro a los 7,5 km para lanzar de pie otros cinco disparos. Cada tiro fallado se penaliza con una vuelta extra a un circuito de 150 metros.
| Year | Gold / Oro | CNT | Time | Silver/Plata | CNT | Time | Bronze / Bronce | CNT | Time |
| 1980 | Frank Ullrich -2 | GDR | 32:10.6 | Vladimir Alikin-0 | URS | 32:53.1 | Anatoliy Alyabyev -1 | URS | 33:09.1 |
| 1984 | Eirik Kvalfoss -2 | NOR | 30:53.8 | Peter Angerer -1 | FRG | 31:02.4 | Matthias Jacob -0 | GDR | 31:10.5 |
| 1988 | Frank-Peter Rötsch -1 | GDR | 25:08.1 | Valeriy Medvedtsev -0 | URS | 25:23.7 | Sergey Chepikov -0 | URS | 25:29.4 |
| 1992 | Mark Kirchner -0 | GER | 26:02.3 | Ricco Gross -1 | GER | 26:18.0 | Harri Eloranta -0 | FIN | 26:26.6 |
| 1994 | Sergey Chepikov -0 | RUS | 28:07.0 | Ricco Gross -0 | GER | 28:13.0 | Sergey Tarasov -1 | RUS | 28:27.4 |
| 1998 | Ole Einar Bjørndalen -0 | NOR | 27:16.2 | Frode Andresen -1 | NOR | 28:17.8 | Ville Raikkonen -1 | FIN | 28:21.7 |
| 2002 | Ole Einar Bjørndalen -0 | NOR | 24:51.3 | Sven Fischer -1 | GER | 25:20.2 | Wolfgang Perner -0 | AUT | 25:44.4 |
| 2006 | Sven Fischer -0 | GER | 26:11.6 | Halvard Hanevold -0 | NOR | 26:19.8 | Frode Andresen -1 | NOR | 26:31.3 |
COMBINED PURSUIT (10 km + 12.5 km pursuit)
The 10-kilometer race also serves as the first part of the combined Pursuit. The top 60 finishers in the 10 kilometers qualify for the second part, which is a 12.5-kilometer race. Starting times for the second race are based on the results of the first, with the winner starting first and the others taking the course based on the exact margin that they trailed the winner of the 10 kilometers. In the pursuit half, competitors stop four times and fire five shots, the first two times prone and the last two times standing. Each miss is penalizad with a 150-meter penalty loop. This event was held for the first time in 2002.
PERSECUCIÓN / COMBINADA: La carrera de 10 km también sirve de primera parte de la combinada. Los 60 primeros clasificados en los 10 km realizan la segunda parte de la prueba, que consiste en una carrera de 12,5 km. Los tiempos de salida de la segunda carrera dependen del resultado de la primera, saliendo el vencedor en primer lugar y los demás con la misma diferencia que llevaban al final de los 10 km. En la parte de persecución, los participantes se detienen cuatro veces y realizan cinco disparos. Las dos primeras veces en posición tendida y las dos siguientes de pie. Cada fallo se penaliza con una vuelta de 150 m. Esta carrera se disputó por primera vez en el 2002.
| Year | Gold / Oro | CNT | Time | Silver/Plata | CNT | Time | Bronze / Bronce | CNT | Time |
| 2002 | Ole Einar Bjørndalen -2 | NOR | 32:34.6 | Raphael Poirée - 1 | FRA | +43.0 | Ricco Gross -2 | GER | +56.0 |
| 2006 | Vincent Defrasne -2 | FRA | 35:20.2 | Ole Einar Bjørndalen -3 | NOR | +2.7 | Sven Fischer -4 | GER | +15.6 |
15 km
The 15 kilometers is a mass start race. Competitors stop four times and fire five shots, the first two times prone and the last two times standing. Each miss is penalizad with a 150-meter penalty loop. This event was held for the first time in 2006.
La salida de los 15 km se realiza en masa. Los participantes se detienen cuatro veces y realizan cinco disparos. Las dos primeras veces en posición tendida y las dos siguientes de pie. Cada fallo se penaliza con una vuelta de 150 m. Esta carrera se disputó por primera vez en el 2006.
| Year | Gold / Oro | CNT | Time | Silver/Plata | CNT | Time | Bronze / Bronce | CNT | Time |
| 2006 | Michael Greis -1 | GER | 47:20.0 | Tomasz Sikora -1 | POL | +6.3 | Ole Einar Bjørndalen -3 | NOR | +12.3 |
20 km
Each skier stops four times; twice to take five shots prone and twice to take five shots standing. The prone stops are at 5 and 12.5 kilometers; the standing at 8.75 and 17.5. In 1960 and 1964 each missed target incurred a two-minute penalty. In 1968 the penalty was reduced to one minute.
Cada esquiador para cuatro veces, dos para disparar tendido (a los 5 km y 12,5 km) y otras dos de pie (a los 8,75 km y 17,5 km). Por cada fallo se le añade un minuto al tiempo final (en 1960 y 1964 se añadían dos minutos por fallo).
| Year | Gold / Oro | CNT | Time | Silver/Plata | CNT | Time | Bronze / Bronce | CNT | Time |
| 1960 | Klas Lestander -0 | SWE | 1h33:21.6 | Antti Tyrväinen -2 | FIN | 1h33:57.7 | Aleksandr Privalov -3 | URS | 1h34:54.2 |
| 1964 | Vladimir Melanin -0 | URS | 1h20:26.8 | Aleksandr Privalov -0 | URS | 1h23:42.5 | Olav Jordet -1 | NOR | 1h24:38.8 |
| 1968 | Magnar Solberg -0 | NOR | 1h13:45.9 | Aleksandr Tikhonov -2 | URS | 1h14:40.4 | Vladimir Gundartsev -2 | URS | 1h18:27.4 |
| 1972 | Magnar Solberg -2 | NOR | 1h15:55.5 | Hansjörg Knauthe -1 | GDR | 1h16:07.6 | Lars-Göran Arwidson -2 | SWE | 1h16:27.0 |
| 1976 | Nikolay Kruglov -2 | URS | 1h14:12.2 | Heikki Ikola -2 | FIN | 1h15:54.1 | Aleksandr Yelizarov -3 | URS | 1h16:05.5 |
| 1980 | Anatoliy Alyabyev -0 | URS | 1h08:16.3 | Frank Ullrich -3 | GDR | 1h08:27.7 | Eberhard Rösch -2 | GDR | 1h11:11.7 |
| 1984 | Peter Angerer -2 | FRG | 1h11:52.7 | Frank-Peter Rötsch -3 | GDR | 1h13:21.4 | Eirik Kvalfoss -5 | NOR | 1h14:02.4 |
| 1988 | Frank-Peter Rötsch -3 | GDR | 56:33.3 | Valeriy Medvedtsev -2 | URS | 56:54.6 | Johann Passler -2 | ITA | 57:10.1 |
| 1992 | Yevgeniy Redkin -0 | URS | 57:34.4 | Mark Kirchner -3 | GER | 57:40.8 | Mikael Löfgren -2 | SWE | 57:59.4 |
| 1994 | Sergey Tarasov -3 | RUS | 57:25.3 | Frank Luck -3 | GER | 57:28.7 | Sven Fischer -0 | GER | 57:41.9 |
| 1998 | Halvard Hanevold -1 | NOR | 56:16.4 | Pier Alberto Carrara -0 | ITA | 56:21.9 | Aleksey Aidarov -1 | BLR | 56:45.5 |
| 2002 | Ole Einar Bjørndalen -2 | NOR | 51:03.3 | Frank Luck -0 | GER | 51:39.4 | Viktor Maigurov -1 | RUS | 51:40.6 |
| 2006 | Michael Greis -1 | GER | 54:23.0 | Ole Einar Bjørndalen -2 | NOR | 54:39.0 | Halvard Hanevold -2 | NOR | 53:31.9 |
TEAM RELAY (4x7.5 km) RELEVO POR EQUIPOS
Each skier shoots twice, once prone and once standing, and has eight shots to make five hits. However, only five rounds can be loaded into the magazine. The three extra must be hand-loaded one at a time. For each miss beyond three, the skier has to ski a penalty loop of 150 meters. In the biathlon relay all teams start at the same time. Handovers, made by the incoming and outgoing skiers touching, are performed in a zone 30 meters (33 yards) long and 8 meters (26 feet) wide.
Cada esquiador lanza dos veces, una tendido y otra de pie; y dispone de ocho disparos para conseguir cinco aciertos. Sólo se pueden tener cinco balas en el cargador y las otras tres se deben poner a mano y una a una. Si tras los ocho disparos no se han conseguido cinco dianas, se debe dar una vuelta de 150 m por cada error. A diferencia de las pruebas individuales, la salida en el relevo es en masa.
| Year | Gold / Oro | Silver / Plata | Bronze / Bronce |
| 1968 | SOVIET UNION: Aleksandr Tikhonov, Nikolai Pusanov, Victor Mamatov, Vladimir Gundartsev (2h13:02.4) -2 | NORWAY: Ola Waerhang, Olav Jordet, Magnar Soiberg, Jon Istad (2h14:50.2) -5 | SWEDEN: Lars-Göran Arwidsson, Tore Eriksson, Olle Petrusson, Holmfrid Olsson (2h17:26.3) -0 |
| 1972 | SOVIET UNION: Aleksandr Tikhonov, Rinnat Safine, Ivan Biakov, Victor Mamatov (1h51:44.9) -3 | FINLAND: Esko Saira, Juhani Suutarinen, Heikki Ikola, Mauri Röppänen (1h54:37.2) -3 | EAST GERMANY: Hansjörg Knauthe, Joachim Meischner, Dieter Speer, Horst Koschka (1h54:57.6) -4 |
| 1976 | SOVIET UNION: Aleksandr Yelizarov, Ivan Biakov, Nikolai Kruglov, Aleksandr Tikhonov (1h57:55.6) -0 | FINLAND: Henrik Flöjt, Esko Saira, Juhani Suutarinen, Heikki Ikola (2h01:45.5) -2 | EAST GERMANY: Karl-Heinz Menz, Frank Ullrich, Manfred Beer, Manfred Geyer (2h04:08.6) -5 |
| 1980 | SOVIET UNION: VladimirAlikin, Aleksandr Tikhonov, Vladimir Barnashov, Anatoly Alyabyev (1h34:03.2) -0 | EAST GERMANY: Mathias Jung, Klaus Siebert, Frank Ullrich, Eberhard Rösch (1h34:56.9) -3 | WEST GERMANY: Franz Bernreiter, Hans Estner, Peter Angerer, Gerd Winkler (1h37:30.2) -2 |
| 1984 | SOVIET UNION: Dmitri Vasilyev, Yuri Kashkarov, Algimantas Salna, Sergei Buligin (1h38:51.7) -2 | NORWAY: Odd Lirhus, Eirik Kvalfoss, Rolf Storsveen, Kjell Søbak (1h39:03.9) -2 | WEST GERMANY: Ernst Reiter, Walter Pichler, Peter Angerer, Friedrich Fischer (1h39:05.1) -1 |
| 1988 | SOVIET UNION: Dmitri Vasilyev, Sergei Chepikov, Aleksandr Popov, Valery Medvedtsev (1h22:30.0) -0 | WEST GERMANY: Ernst Reiter, Stefan Höck, Peter Angerer, Friedrich Fischer (1h23:37.4) -0 | ITALY: Werner Kiem, Gottlieb Taschier, Johann Passier, Andreas Zingerle (1h23:51.5) -0 |
| 1992 | GERMANY: Ricco Gross, Jens Steinigen, Mark Kirchner, Friedrich Fischer (1h24:43.5) -0 | SOVIET UNION: Valery Medvedtsev, Aleksandr Popov, Valery Kirienko, Sergei Chepikov (1h25:06.3) -0 | SWEDEN: Ulf Johansson, Leif Andersson, Tord Wiksten, Mikael Löfgren (1h25:38.2) -0 |
| 1994 | GERMANY: Ricco Gross, Frank Luck, Mark Kirchner, Sven Fischer (1h30:22.1) -0 | RUSSIA: Valery Kirienko, Vladimir Dratchev, Sergei Tarasov, Sergei Chepikov (1h31:23.6) -2 | FRANCE: Thierry Dusserre, Patrice Bailly-Salins, Lionel Laurent, Hervé Flandin (1h32:31.3) -1 |
| 1998 | GERMANY: Ricco Gross, Peter Sendel, Sven Fischer, Frank Luck (1h19:43.3) -0 | NORWAY: Egil Gjelland, Halvard Hanevold, Dag Bjørndalen, Ole Einar Bjørndalen (1h20:03.4) -0 | RUSSIA: Pavel Muslimov, Vladimir Orachev, Sergei Tarasov, Viktor Maigurov (1h20:19.4) -0 |
| 2002 | NORWAY: Halvard Hanevold, Frode Andresen, Egil Gjelland, Ole Einar Bjørndalen (1h23:42.3) -0+8 | GERMANY: Ricco Gross, Peter Sendel, Sven Fischer, Frank Luck (1h24:27.6) -1+9 | FRANCE: Gilles Marguet, Vincent Defrasne, Julien Robert, Raphael Poirée (1h24:36.6) -0+6 |
| 2006 | GERMANY: Ricco Gross, Michael Roesch, Sven Fischer, Michael Greis (1h21:51.5) -1+8 | RUSSIA: Ivan Tcherezov, Sergei Tchepikov, Pavel Tostovtsev, Nikolay Kruglov (1h22:12.4) -0+6 | FRANCE: Julien Robert, Vincent Defrasne, Ferreol Cannard, Raphael Poirée (1h22:35.1) -0+6 |
| Ps | COUNTRY | CNT | 01 |
| 1. | Soviet Union | URS | 10 |
| 2. | Norway | NOR | 9 |
| 3. | Germany | GER | 8 |
| 4. | East Germany | GDR | 3 |
| 5. | Russia | RUS | 2 |
| 6. | West Germany | FRG | 1 |
| . | Sweden | SWE | 1 |
| . | France | FRA | 1 |
| 8 | TOTALS | 35 | |
| Pos | Nombre | G | S | B | |
| 1. | Ole Einar Bjørndalen, NOR | 5 | 3 | 1 | 98: 10; 02: 10-PS-20-RL / 98: RL; 06: PS-20 / 06: 15 |
| 2. | Ricco Gross, GER | 4 | 3 | 1 | RL: 92-94-98-06 / 92: 10; 94: 10; 02: RL/ 02: PS |
| 3. | Sven Fischer, GER | 4 | 2 | 2 | 10: 06; RL: 94-98-06 / 02: 10-RL / 20: 94; CM: 06 |
| 4. | Aleksandr Tikhonov, URS | 4 | 1 | - | RL: 68-72-76-80 / 68: 20 / None |
| 5. | Mark Kirchner, GER | 3 | 1 | - | 92: RL-10; 94: RL / 92: 20 / None |
| 6. | Michael Greis, GER | 3 | - | - | 06: 15-20-RL / None / None |
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